Anatomical and Functional Mapping of the Innervation of Major Internal Organs

• coursing and branching of nerves and the distribution of axon terminals;
• the structure of nerve-organ synapses;
• the cross-sectional organization of nerves;
• the effect of firing patterns on organ function;
• the functional relationships between neural signals and end-organ responses;
• the variability in expression/anatomical representation of the neural cell-types at each potential point of implantation of neuromodulation interfaces;
• differences in PNS neuroanatomy and control of organ activity between animal models and humans;
• translating animal data to human applications;
• the variance in effects and side effects between individuals (e.g., inter-individual variability in anatomy and response).